Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a dermatosis that usually occurs after visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania donovani and characterized by macular, maculopapular, and nodular skin lesions on the whole body surface. It is a late cutaneous manifestation of VL in untreated or inadequately treated patients, first described by Brahmachari in 1922. In India, PKDL occurs in 6–20% of the cases of VL, 6 months to 5 years after the apparently successful treatment of VL. The diagnosis of PKDL presents a challenge due to low parasite burden in the lesions. We report a case of PKDL that presented with polymorphic skin lesions along with the involvement of the oral cavity including an insight into the recent advances in diagnosis, pathogenesis, and case management.

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Lipomas are benign mesenchymal tumours, which are composed of the fat cells of adult type. Lipomas have been identified in all age groups, but they are mostly seen between 40 and 60 years of age. They are usually solitary tumours, more common in females, most often located on the posterior neck and on the back, but they can also be multiple and small tumours all over the body and extremities. Anterior neck lipomas are rare. We report a case of a giant subcutaneous solitary lipoma of anterior neck in a 60-year-old male managed surgically.

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Objective: To analyze study topic, study design, usage of statistical test, and other selected document parameters in published original research articles. Materials and Methods: Three journals (1) Indian Journal of Community Medicine (IJCM), (2) Indian Journal of Public Health (IJPH), and (3) Bulletin of World Health Organization (WHO) were reviewed and all original research article published during three years, that is, January 2014 to December 2016, were considered, and selected document parameters were recorded using checklist. During this period, IJCM released volumes 39 to 41, IJPH released 58 to 60, and WHO released 92 to 94. Results: A total of 318 original articles were reviewed with the contribution of 28.9% in IJCM, 27.6% in IJPH, and 43.3% in WHO bulletin. Out of all the publications, highest (46.5%) original article belonged to research domain category-I [communicable, maternal and child health (MCH)] followed by 104 (32.7%) category-II (noncommunicable diseases) and 66 (20.8%) by category-III (health system, medical education, and environment). Overall 79.2% original articles were cross-sectional in study design followed by cohort (15.4%), intervention/experimental study (3.4%), and case-control (1.8%). Average number of authors per article in WHO bulletin was 8.1 [95% confidence interval (CI): 7.1–9.0] followed by IJCM 4.2 (95% CI: 3.8–4.6), and IJPH (3.84, 95% CI: 3.49–4.19). There were 95 (29.9%) articles where-in all the authors were from a single institution, whereas in 223 (70.1%) articles, co-authors were from different institutions. It was also found that most (80.1%) of the study papers did not contain any background statement regarding statistical sample size estimation; 239 (75.2%) articles used statistical software; majority had utilized SPSS (61.08%), followed by STATA (19.24%), SAS (8.76%), R-software (5.45%), EPI-info (3.76%), and EXCEL (1.25%); nearly 210 (66%) original research articles utilized at least one of the inferential statistics (basic, advance, and survival analytical methods). Higher proportion of advance (60.2%) inferential statistical test and survival analysis (92.3%) were used in Bulletin of WHO; 82% of references used were within 10 years of publications of articles in WHO while this figure was 66% for ICJM and 63% for IJPH. Conclusion: This study provides an objective snapshot of national and international public health journal that may aid researcher for better comprehension, situational, and trend analysis as well as assist them in their future research endeavor.

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Pneumomediastinum that occurs because of rupture of alveoli and dissection of air along the fascial planes of the tracheobronchial tree is a rare complication of interstitial lung disease (ILD). Diagnosed by CAT scan, it is usually a self-limiting condition managed conservatively with supportive care and oxygen therapy. We present a rare case of pneumomediastinum with subcutaneous emphysema in a patient of ILD.

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Twin–twin transfusion syndrome is a rare, serious condition that can occur in pregnancies when identical twins share a placenta and allow blood to flow unevenly between the babies leading to high rate of perinatal morbidity. Its prevalence is approximately 1 to 3 per 10,000 births. Its diagnosis is made prenatally by ultrasound and great advances have been made in its identification.

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Ectopic thyroid is a rare entity, and simultaneous presence of ectopic thyroid gland at two different sites is even rarer with only 42 reported cases in world literature. We report a case of a 14-year-old girl with dual thyroid ectopia at the base of tongue and at the level of hyoid bone. The patient presented with a midline swelling in the neck with hypothyroidism. High-resolution ultrasonography of the neck revealed absence of thyroid tissue in its normal location and presence of thyroid tissue with changes of adenomatous colloid goiter at the level of hyoid bone. A technetium 99-m pertechnetate scan revealed two hyperfunctioning foci of ectopic thyroid tissue − one at the base of the tongue and other at the level of the hyoid bone.

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Context: Human blood group, lip prints, and fingerprints are unique to an individual. Literature reveals very few studies correlating all three parameters simultaneously, emphasizing the need of further studies with different parameters taken together to increase the success rate of such identification methods. Aims and Objectives: To determine the correlation among lip prints, fingerprints, and blood groups and their importance in forensic dentistry. Materials and Methods: Study group included 500 patients and their lip prints, fingerprints, and blood groups were analyzed and recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 18.0; IBM, Armonk, New York, USA. Chi-square test was used to find the significance of study parameters on categorical scale between two or more than two groups. Results: Correlating all three parameters together we found in males maximum incidence of individuals in loop type fingerprint with intersecting type lip pattern in B-positive blood group individuals (n = 25, 10%), and the results were statistically significant (P < 0.001). In females, maximum incidence of individuals was seen in loop type fingerprint with full-length type lip pattern in O-positive blood group individuals (n = 43, 17.2%); however, the results were statistically nonsignificant (P = 0.027). Conclusion: Considering these parameters together may help to obtain more accurate results and increase the reliability of assessment.

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India leads the world with largest number of diabetic patients and is termed as “Diabetes capital of the world.” Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem with incidence rising rapidly at alarming rate. To reduce both the acute and chronic complications arising from diabetes, one needs to provide continuous, proactive, planned, patient-centered, and population-based care through team approach. Team care is the key component of health-care reform initiatives that incorporate an integrated health-care delivery system, especially those for chronic disease prevention and management. Team care can minimize patients' risks of diabetes by assessment, intervention, and surveillance to identify problems early and initiate timely treatment. Oral health-care professionals play an important role as part of the health-care team by providing oral care to patients with or at-risk for diabetes. Collaborative teamwork among dentists and other medical professionals calls for a new model of care, with the dentist playing a leadership role both internally, within the oral health profession, and externally, in relation to other health professions. The increasing focus of dentistry on team effort requires dentists to assume the role of team leader as they are in the front line of prevention, early detection, and treatment of both oral and systemic diseases, and are in a good position to provide screening, diagnosis, and referral services for systemic diseases. Team care is likely to play a major role in future health-care systems designed to provide comprehensive lifetime prevention and management of chronic diseases such as diabetes.

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Most of the intracranial pathologies appear hypointense on T1-weighted images. However, there are some intracranial substances and pathological lesions that appear hyperintense on T1-weighted images. This article aims to highlight the various cranial lesions showing hyperintense signal on T1-weighted images. Various substances which are responsible for the intrinsically high signal intensity observed in intracranial lesions at T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging such as methemoglobin, melanin, lipid, various minerals, and other will be enumerated, and how these signal changes can lead to more specific diagnoses will be discussed.

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